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What is hybrid tank gauge system?

Hybrid tank gauge system is mostly used in petroleum industries, where online measurement of level, density and temperature are required.

Design of hybrid tank gauge system:

To calculate the density of liquid in the tank, pressure sensors are installed in the tank. Therefore, if the tank has atmospheric pressure, the hybrid tank gauge system has one pressure sensor and two pressure sensors if the tank is not ventilated freely.

Pressure measurement, combined with level, provides true average density measurement over the entire product level height

A typical HTMS tank gauge system comprises of either a radar or servo gauge and one hydrostatic head measuring pressure transmitter-the fluid product column pressure in tanks. For those tanks where the gas or vapor pressure the pressure in the empty part of the tank is not ambient, for example, in cases where the tank is not open to the atmosphere, an additional pressure transmitter must be added.

Hydrostatic Tank Gauging:

There is an extra pressure sensor and no level tank gauge system in the Hydrostatic Tank Gauge (HTG) scheme. Only the density between the P1 and P2 sensors calculates the product density in the HTG scheme.

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Tank gauge for LPG LNG instrument

Mechanical tank gauge for LPG LNG for accurate and reliable level measurement.

Tank gauge for LPG LNG has been developed for all areas of industry. Many years of operation in a wide variety of applications have proven its reliability.

Level indication of petroleum products such as crude oil, kerosene, light and heavy oil, vegetable oil, palm oil, seed oil and animal oil, highly viscous liquid such as asphalt, certain chemicals (corrosive/toxic vapor can be sealed using a liquid seal pot).

Benefits:

  • No electrical power is required to perform the measurement
  • Built-in repeatability check
  • Direct reading at the tank side allows you to check the level indication easily
  • Can be installed on a variety of tanks including fixed roof, floating roof, covered floating roof and spherical tanks
  • Can be used in conjunction with analog/digital transmitter to perform tank inventory management
  • LT5 has completely integrated internal mechanisms
  • Standardized guide wire and anchor design allow easy customer installation

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Types of Level Gauge

Magnetic level gauges

Their maximum working temperature and pressure range can be 4000C and 220 bar respectively. Use of these devices is mainly recommended for combustible, risky and corrosive fluids. Besides, they are capable for inter-phase level detection. Liquids involving extreme temperature and pressure can also measured by these gauges. They can be installed in underground storage tanks also. These types of level sensors work upon two fundamental principles. One is the Archimedes Principle which states that any object submerged in a fluid tends to experience the same buoyant force as the weight of the liquid put out of place. The other principle is the phenomena of attraction and repulsion between opposite poles and similar poles of permanent magnets respectively.

Reflex Level Gauge

These types of gauges are employed for detection of level in a vessel. Their working temperature and pressure range is upto 4000 C and 400 bar respectively. Major materials used for their construction includes carbon steel and stainless steel. Their operating principle depends upon the dissimilarity in the index of refraction between fluids and vapors. “The liquid column is contained within the recess of the liquid chamber behind the sight glass i.e. a transparent tube which is clamped to the gauge body. The sight glass has prismatic right angled grooves on the side facing the liquid and vapor space.”2
Based upon the presence of liquid or vapor area, external light waves incoming towards the reflex level gauge will undergo either absorption or reflection. In case of vapors, the light radiations running into the groove surface are entirely reflected and returned back to the direction of observation. Thereby, the vapor area gives out silvery white appearance. On the other hand, the light radiations which come across the surface of the grooves in the liquid region are fully absorbed owing to which the liquid at the back of the glass emerges black in color.

Transparent Level Gauge

The functional temperature and pressure range of these level gauges is similar to that of reflex level gauges. Also their constructional features and materials used are almost same.
These level control gauges consist of two transparent glasses which are integrated with the liquid cavities on both sides. The level of the liquid via these devices is detected depending upon the dissimilarity in the transparent characteristics of the two glasses. In case of water & steam applications, an illuminator is usually employed at the back end of the gauge to simplify the viewing of liquid level by the observer. The light rays emitted by the illuminator are directed in upward direction towards the water column owing to which the surface of the liquid gets illuminated. These light radiations tend to fall upon the divided surface between water and steam and then finally reflected back to the eye of the viewer.

Bi – Color Level Gauge

These devices are considered appropriate for measurement of level in boilers since the glasses used in their construction are carefully guarded against the wet steam generated in a boiler drum. This steam protection is provided by putting in high quality mica sheets. Detection of level in bi-color level gauges depends upon the distinction in index of refraction between steam and water. They can work with temperatures as high as 120kg/cm2 and well suited for saturated steam applications.

Two color filters, one red in color and the other green in color are positioned directly facing the light source in the illuminator, hence the name bi-color gauge. In cases where red color light radiations hit upon the water, they gets averted in one side and then absorbed whereas when they encounter the steam region, they tends to pass through without any constrictions and emerges red in color. On the other hand, reverse action takes place for light radiations passing via green filters.

Tubular Level Gauge

These types of level gauges detect the level of liquid in the process vessel via direct communication means. These devices mainly find their application in low pressure, non-toxic and non-sticky liquid level measurement applications.

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Introdution to Automatic Tank Gauge

A compact, intelligent and reliable automatic tank gauge. As tank gauging has evolved, the automatic tank gauge servo level gauge has become an industrial standard all over the world. Very reliable, versatile and accurate automatic tank gauge with a minimum of moving parts, meeting all international standards, regulations and recommendations.

The multi-functional instrument is modularly constructed. The automatic tank gauge is equipped with a Servo Auto Test feature which further increases the safety integrity of the servo and increases the diagnostic coverage. That means that the Servo can be used in overfi ll protection loops to prevent spillage.

The increased diagnostics in the gauge will detect failures inside the gauge or in the application and report this to higher level systems for further action. With the added diagnostics, the safety prooftest interval can be extended to 5 years. This will signifi cantly bring down the operational cost compared to other solutions that require a proof test to be carried out every year.

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A simple approach to tank terminal automation

We help lower the cost of ownership while improving the efficiency and performance of tank terminal automation operations. Our solution provides automation and management for a variety of bulk liquids, which includes functionality for tank storage monitoring and control, facility access control, truck loading and offloading, order entry, transaction management, and accounting ledgers and inventory reconciliation.

Real-Time Accountability

With the Accounting application, facilities can improve the visibility and accountability of all products stored at the tank terminal automation. Terminal operators are able to reconcile book versus physical inventory for all managed products, including additives, blends and co-mingled products. They can lock down accounting periods, automatically create close-out reports and quickly identify variances. The daily management of product inventory allows for improved billing cycles. All of this data is also available at the enterprise to provide greater insight into an organization’s total stock position.

Efficient Throughput

The Throughput Calculator application helps manage the throughput of products from receipt, to the tanks and issues at the load rack. It provides greater insight into the product received and stored at the tank farm, while also improving the flow of vehicles through the load rack. At the gate, driver ID and credentials are quickly validated to allow entry. Pre-load stations allow drivers to verify load authorization, training qualifications and product availability prior to pulling onto the load rack. The pre-load station eliminates wasted time at the load rack and improves overall wait times in the tank terminal automation. Driver and vehicle credentials are validated at the load rack ensuring only those authorized can load products.. These features simplify the driver’s tasks and expedite the time each driver spends at the tank terminal automation.

Facility Access and Control

The Load Rack Automation application helps operators control facility access, and facilitates efficient, safe, and secure loading operations by interfacing to the 8620 Driver Entry Tank Terminal Automation. It is web-based and there is no client software to install. Interfaces are also available for 3rd-party automation and safety equipment, such as electronic presets, ESD and grounding systems, or load rack control equipment. The application is also compatible with TWIC identity verification standards.

Increased Safety

We have extensive alarm and event recording capabilities for movement tracking, tank gauging and loading operations. It is able to interface with safety devices, such as alarm sensors, overfill prevention, ground systems, vehicle identification, and leak detection systems These interfaces and integration drives automation actions throughout the terminal based on inputs, outputs and status.

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Water Level Gauge Advantages

If you are searching for water level gauge advantages, disadvantages, applications, uses, or benefits, this post should help! This post should help you understand all of the uses, benefits, advantages, and disadvantages of automatic water level gauges. Download Water level gauge Advantages and Disadvantages PDF

Popular search queries used to find this post include Uses of water level gauge, advantages of water alarm, advantages of water level gauge, applications of water level gauge, benefits of water alarm, disadvantages of water level gauge, disadvantages of water alarm, advantages and disadvantages of water level gauge.

Acting on a basic function of water flow regulation and system performance optimization, a water level gauge measures and manages the levels of water in multiple different systems such as swimming pools, cooling towers, and water pumps/tanks, etc. There are many advantages of water level controllers. First, let’s explore the problem with old water level control designs.

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Components of an Automatic Tank Gauge System

An automatic tank gauge is an electronic device, whose basic function is to monitor the fuel level in the tank over a period of time to see if the tank is leaking. It can also tell the facility operator what is going on inside the tank (example: fuel level, volume and temperature, water level and volume, high and low fuel level warnings). Other features can be added to the Automatic Tank Gauge so that it can perform useful functions such as monitoring the interstitial spaces in tanks and piping, monitoring pressurized piping, or communicating remotely.

An Automatic Tank Gauge uses probes located in each tank or compartment to measure fuel and water levels. Each probe consists of a long rod with floats or sensors. The position of the floats tells the Automatic Tank Gauge console how much fuel and water are present in the tank. The probe rod also has thermistors to measure the fuel temperature. A console is typically located inside the facility building, and can include a display, a keypad, a printer, status lights, and a beeper that signals alarm conditions. An Automatic Tank Gauge system may also be connected directly to a computer.

ATG Tank Test Procedure – How to read an Automatic Tank Gauge test report: The Automatic Tank Gauge test report typically provides the basic information about product volume and temperature in the tank at the beginning and end of the test. It also prints out the results of the test, usually “pass” or “fail”. Occasionally the Automatic Tank Gauge may print out a result that is “inconclusive” or “invalid” when conditions are not right for conducting a test over the testing period.

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Displacement servo gauge

A servo gauge is used on a tank containing a liquid. The gauge utilizes a displacer suspended on a support wire or tape which is wound on a storage wheel. The storage wheel is balanced by a counterweight. Any change in liquid level results in an imbalance which causes a servo motor to energize and rotate the wheel to bring the counterweight and displacer back into balance. The change in level is determined by counting the steps of motor operation. The changes in level are determined using the relationship between length and steps of motor operation. The level gauge is operable to continually correct calculation to compensate for changes in wire length per turn of the spool.

Numerous types of process instruments are available for measuring level, such as level in a tank. One such instrument is a displacement servo gauge. A servo gauge uses a counterweight or spring to balance the weight of a displacer. The displacer is suspended on a cable from a drum. The drum is coupled to the spring or counterweight. The spring or counterweight is selected so that an equilibrium condition exists when the displacer is at the top surface of the liquid. A change in the liquid level causes a corresponding change in the counterforce to move the gauge out of balance. Upon sensing such an imbalanced condition, a servo motor rotates the drum to raise or lower the displacer, as is necessary, until the gauge is again in balance. Rotational movement of the motor, which represents movement of the drum and thus the cable and displacer, is sensed to calculate the change in level.

Problems have been found associated with prior displacement servo gauges. Particularly, errors in level measurement can occur due to variations in drum diameter, as well as weight of the cable. Specifically, if the cable is wound in multilayers on the drum, then the exact length of cable relating to an increment of rotational movement of the servo motor shaft continually changes. This is due to the difference in circumferential length of the outer layers versus the inner layers when wound on the drum. Further, in the equilibrium state, the applied forces are balanced when the sum of the weight of the cable and the weight of the displacer is equal to the buoyancy force exerted by the liquid and the counterforce of the gauge. The weight of the displacer is a constant. In conventional gauges the counterforce weight is also constant. However, the weight of the tape varies with its extended length, which in turn varies with the liquid level. Thus, with conventional gauges, any change in weight of the tape requires a variation in the buoyancy by changing the penetration of the displacer and the liquid. This change results in an error in the reading of the level of the fluid, reflecting this change of penetration.

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Briefly float level gauge application scope and work instructions

Float liquid level gauge for scene: UFZ float level gauge to make a simple liquid level measuring instrument, is one of the medium level in atmospheric tank direct reading instrument, simple structure, visual direct and convenient installation and maintenance, etc; Main purpose and scope of application: applicable to petrochemical industry system in the corrosive medium of atmospheric storage tank, tank, oil fields, oil depot and other flat cone cover or arched container and general enterprise, civil building towers ( Water tank) The price is low level measurement, in order to solve the difficulty of the artificial measurement of liquid level.

Float liquid level gauge structure and principle, structure characteristics and working principle of the UFZ – Type 2 float type level gauge is designed according to the principle of force balance, its working principle. Set the weight of the float for W, float to F of buoyancy, a pointer to the weight of the heavy hammer G, the friction force of the whole system for F, when float float in a certain position in the liquid, the force to equilibrium state, W – both F – G± f=0。 When the liquid level changes, cause the change of float position, move through the wire rope drive pointer heavy hammer, the liquid level is shown on the scale ruler of corresponding position, achieve the goal of level measurement.

Float liquid level gauge work description: : float level gauge is liquid level meter in the working principle and design for a product of a simple structure, also is a kind of liquid level meter has long history. Float liquid level gauge because of its simple principle and structure, it is the result of measurement accuracy is relatively low, but with low price or in some of the requirements for accuracy is not high in the workplace have more applications.

Design principle of float liquid level gauge is the force balance principle in mechanics, the buoyancy provided by the gravity of the buoy and the liquid level, and the balance between the weight of the heavy hammer needle, to realize the liquid level height measurement and instructions. Float liquid level meter in the measurement is also affected by the friction between the internal components.

Float liquid level gauge measuring the liquid medium page rises, float by buoyancy F will increase, while the weight of the buoy W, the weight of the heavy hammer needle W1 friction force F are the same, and the system of force balance is broken, heavy hammer needle will decline in reducing buoy buoyancy of F, until to form a new equilibrium, such a heavy hammer the position of the needle can not only show the level value.

Float liquid level gauge of floating buoy at a particular level of weight W, when the liquid medium for buoy the buoyancy provided for F, float level gauge of heavy hammer pin for W1, float level gauge the friction between the parts for F, so that W should be with F, W1, equal to the sum of F, forming force balance.

Float liquid level gauge product features: float level gauge with its simple structure and low price, in some low accuracy measurement occasions you have more applications, such as petroleum and petrochemical system of oil tank, oil tank, and measurement of oil depots, and civil construction of the water tower or water tank level measurement, etc. Float liquid level gauge has certain corrosion protection function, can also be used in some low corrosive liquid medium measurement.

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Tank Terminal Automation System For Oil & Gas

Simplifying previously complex business processes

Three key challenges many tank terminals and refineries face are to reduce operating costs, ensure smooth IT processes and increase safety and security.

Tank Terminal Automation System is a powerful Terminal Management System that optimizes and automates all logistic and administrative processes in terminals and refineries. It equips you with all the tools needed to manage your plant in an efficient, transparent and safe manner.

How does Tank Terminal Automation System work?

Tank Terminal Automation System ensures rapid, transparent, secure and above all cost-beneficial processes. Its integration to various interfaces facilitates accurate and timely flow of critical data from the operational field equipment right up to the ERP system.

With the integrated and comprehensive quantity accounting you will have continuous access to current information about your product stocks as well as inputs and outputs. It doesn’t matter whether you store one or several different groups of products, whether you exclusively store your own products or whether you are a tank storage service provider. You will always be in control, able to monitor your processes and to react quickly and accurately.

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